Acute metatarsal fractures can be categorized as either displaced or non-displaced. It can also be open or closed injuries. The open type is usually brought about by significant trauma such as in vehicular accidents.
In most cases, the 5th metatarsal bone is usually fractured. It might be damaged at different areas along its length dependent on how the injury occurred. Other metatarsal bones can also be damaged such as the 1st and 2nd metatarsals.
What are the possible causes?
Acute metatarsal fractures can be brought about by direct injury to the foot. This can occur if someone stepped or kicked the foot, dropping an heavy object or falling onto the foot.
Twisting of the foot or the ankle can also result to fractures on the base of the 5th metatarsal. The twisting motion tugs on the ligament that links to the base of the 5th metatarsal which pulls off a bone fragment. It is important to note that the shaft of the metatarsal is typically damaged due to the twisting of the foot when landing from a jump.
Indications of an acute metatarsal fracture
- There is a sound at the time of the break
- Immediate pain
- Tenderness around the fracture site
The pain is often described as “pinpoint” pain since it is localized at the area of impact to the bone. Bruising and swelling can develop and there is difficulty placing weight on the affected foot. In addition, movement is also limited. It is surprising to note that the pain usually settles within a few hours.
Management
The basic treatment measures in managing an acute metatarsal fracture include the following:
- Simple pain medications such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen to alleviate the pain.
- Ice should be applied on the foot for pain relief. An ice pack must be applied right after the injury for 10-30 minutes.
- Elevation aims on limiting and reducing the swelling. The foot should be propped up a chair while sitting. When on the bed, prop the foot on a pillow.
- Rest is often the only needed treatment even for a traumatic fracture.
- Avoidance of activity to allow the foot to heal. The individual might be required to use crutches or even a wheelchair.
- Immobilization is required for added support to promote healing.
- Surgery might be an option in some cases with the aim to realign any region of the bone that moved out of its proper position.
- Follow-up care includes physical therapy and gradual return to activity.
An acute metatarsal fracture usually takes approximately 6-8 weeks to heal. Nevertheless, it might be longer in some cases.
Quick Note / Disclaimer
The material posted on this page on acute metatarsal fracture is for learning and educational purposes only. To learn to recognize and manage fractures including an acute metatarsal fracture, register for a first aid and CPR course with Saskatoon First Aid.