Lower respiratory infections affect the respiratory system below the level of the throat. Any infection that involves the lungs and lower airways is considered as a lower respiratory infection. The most prevalent form of lower respiratory infection includes bronchitis and pneumonia as well as bronchiolitis among children.
Common forms of lower respiratory infections
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is one of the prevalent forms of lower respiratory infections involving the interior of the lungs. Remember that there are various types of this condition and can be triggered by viruses, bacteria, fungi and even solid objects and inhaled chemicals. Most cases of pneumonia develop as a complication of an upper respiratory infection such as the flu or common cold.
The treatment usually involves antibiotics and other medications might be given to alleviate the symptoms. For severe cases or those at high risk, hospitalization is required. The best way to reduce the risk for acquiring the condition is to get the yearly flu vaccine.
Bronchitis
Bronchitis involves irritation and swelling in the airways leading to the lungs. In most cases, it is triggered by a virus and eventually go away on its own. Even though coughing can cause discomfort and last for weeks, antibiotics are rarely beneficial since they do not kill the viruses. The doctor might prescribe an inhaler to help with the coughing and promote better breathing.
If the individual has bronchitis but starts to feel worse and develops fever, a doctor should be consulted. Oftentimes, a secondary bacterial infection develops among those who have the condition. Once this occurs, the treatment is different and antibiotics might be needed.
Bronchiolitis
As one of the forms of lower respiratory infections, bronchiolitis involves inflammation or swelling in the small airways in the lungs. This is a condition that mainly occurs among children younger than 2 years old. It typically affects infants between 3-6 months old with RSV as the main cause.
Coughing and wheezing are the main symptoms. Take note that it can be serious and oftentimes fatal among young infants. If the child shows signs of difficulty breathing, it is vital to seek medical care right away even if bronchiolitis is not suspected. Take note that it is not always obvious when a child is having difficulty breathing.
Remember that lower respiratory infections can be deadly and generally more serious than upper respiratory infections. Knowing what to watch out for is vital so that immediate action can be taken.