Restless leg syndrome is described as an irresistible urge to continuously move the leg. This is not considered dangerous and does not necessarily indicate a serious health condition.
Individuals who have restless leg syndrome usually complain of uncomfortable sensations in the legs particularly the feet, thigh or calves and occasionally in the arms. Remember that these sensations are oftentimes hard to describe and can include aching, throbbing, creeping, itching, crawling, burning or cramping.
In most cases, movement typically alleviates the discomfort. The symptoms are quite acute during night time and can disrupt sleep. In the long run, it can lead to fatigue, anxiety and exhaustion.
Indications of restless leg syndrome
- Tempting need to move one or both legs
- Uncomfortable sensations in the legs
- Disrupted sleeping pattern
- Leg twitching at night time
- Sensations that intensify at night or while lying down or being seated for extended periods of time
What are the causes?
In most cases, the exact cause of restless leg syndrome is unknown. Any individual can end up with the condition but the risk increases with age. The other factors that increases the risk include:
- A family history of restless leg syndrome before the age of 40
- Pregnancy
- Chronic conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes or Parkinson’s disease
- Consumption of caffeine or alcohol
- Sleep deprivation
- Sedative withdrawal
- Certain medications including neuroleptics and lithium
- Iron deficiency
Maintaining a regular sleeping and waking routine is part of the treatment for restless leg syndrome.
The condition does not necessarily indicate a serious underlying condition. If the condition becomes chronic or the individual suffers from insomnia, anxiety or sleep deprivation, seek medical care.
How is it diagnosed
Remember that there is no specific diagnostic test for restless leg syndrome. The doctor can diagnose the condition based on the symptoms, medical history and physical exam.
The doctor might require a sleep test before coming up with a diagnosis. This test typically involves sleeping overnight at a sleep clinic. The specialist monitors for indications of restless leg syndrome or other sleep conditions. Other additional tests might include nerve and blood tests to rule out other conditions.
Treatment
The management involves the initial treatment for any underlying health conditions. The doctor might also recommend home care measures such as the following:
- Warm baths
- Massage
- Yoga
- Application of an ice pack or heating pad
- Leg-stretching exercises
- Maintaining a regular sleeping and waking routine
- Reducing the use of alcohol, caffeine and tobacco products
In some cases, the doctor might prescribe medications that treat other conditions if the symptoms of restless leg syndrome are severe. Dopaminergic agents are occasionally prescribed which must be taken short-term. Other medications that can be given include muscle relaxants, pain medications, narcotics, medications for epilepsy and insomnia.