Septic arthritis

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Septic arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation due to a bacterial infection. Any joint in the body can be affected but likely to affect the hips and knees. Remember that more than one joint can be affected simultaneously.

Generally, most can achieve full recovery after treatment. If not treated, it can lead to lasting joint damage and can be dangerous.

What are the signs?

Septic arthritis generally triggers intense joint pain, redness, swelling and warmth in the affected joints. These symptoms are likely to arise rapidly over a few hours or days.

There is also difficulty in moving the affected joint and some end up with fever.

If a child develops septic arthritis, he/she is generally irritable and might cry if the affected joint is moved. In addition, the child might avoid using or placing any weight on the affected joint.

septic arthritis
Septic arthritis generally triggers intense joint pain, redness, swelling and warmth in the affected joints. These symptoms are likely to arise rapidly over a few hours or days.

What are the causes?

Septic arthritis is typically caused by either streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria. The bacteria might enter a wound and move via the bloodstream to the affected joint or infect the joint directly after injury or surgery.

The following are potential risk factors for septic arthritis:

  • Undergoing joint surgery such as hip or knee replacement
  • Bacterial infection in other parts of the body
  • Long-standing condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes
  • Recent joint injury
  • Using injectable drugs
  • Medications that suppresses the immune system

Management

Septic arthritis is managed with antibiotics. Generally, hospitalization is required for at least 2 weeks so that intravenous antibiotics can be given.

The individual must rest for a few days to relieve the pressure from the joint. Pain medications are also given to reduce the discomfort.

Drainage of fluid from the infected joint might be necessary using needle and syringe or under arthroscopy. During the procedure, a fine metal tubing is inserted via a small incision created near the affected joint.

After the course of intravenous antibiotics, the individual must take oral antibiotics at home for at least another 4 weeks. Full recovery after antibiotic treatment is expected but some might experience persistent limitation of movement in the affected joint.

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