Sinusitis is characterized as the inflammation of the sinuses. It is often triggered by a bacterial infection but also fungi and viruses as well. Individuals who have a weakened immune system are prone to develop the bacterial or fungal sinusitis.
An acute form of sinusitis can last for 3-8 weeks. If it lasts longer than 8 weeks, it is considered as a chronic type.
The normal sinuses are covered with a thin coating of mucus that ensnares microorganisms, dust and other substances in the air. There are tiny hair-like projections in the sinuses that move the mucus towards the opening leading to the back of the throat. From there, it slides to the stomach.
If an individual has sinusitis, the normal flow of mucus is disrupted. The tiny hair-like projections are blocked if infection or allergy triggers swelling of the nasal tissues. As a result, mucus is trapped in the sinuses.
What are the indications?
The usual indications of sinusitis include:
- Postnasal drip
- Discolored nasal drainage which appears greenish in color
- Fever
- Coughing
- Nasal congestion
- Facial tenderness
- Tooth pain
- Fatigue
- Bad breath
Management of sinusitis
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are widely used in managing bacterial sinusitis. It is taken from 3-28 days depending on the type prescribed by the doctor. Since the sinuses are positioned deep in the bones and have limited blood supply, a long-term treatment is usually recommended for those with lasting or severe cases.
Nasal decongestant sprays
The topical variants are beneficial if used no more than 3-4 days. These medications work by shrinking the swollen nasal passages and promoting drainage from the sinuses.
Antihistamines
These medications work by blocking the inflammation due to an allergic response to help fight the indications of allergies that result to inflamed nasal and sinus passages.
Nasal decongestants and antihistamines
The over-the-counter combination drugs must be used carefully. Take note that some of these medications include drying agents that can make the mucus even more thicker.
Topical nasal corticosteroids
These are prescribed nasal sprays that avert and reverse the distension and inflammation in the nasal passages as well as the sinus openings. They are also effective in shrinking and preventing the recurrence of nasal polyps.
Nasal saline wash
The nasal rinses can help in clearing out the dense secretions from the nasal passages.
Surgery
In case medications could not effectively manage sinusitis, the doctor might recommend surgery as the last option. Any anatomical defects are the usual target of surgery.
The doctor will repair any defects in the bone separating the nasal passages, opening any closed passages and removing any nasal polyps. The surgery is usually done under either local or general anesthesia.