Labyrinthitis is a disorder affecting the inner ear. It is important to note that there are 2 vestibular nerves within the inner ear that transmit information about spatial navigation and balance control to the brain. If one of these nerves are inflamed, it results to labyrinthitis.
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Various factors can cause the condition including viruses and infections. Immediate treatment must be started for any ear infections but there is no known way to prevent the condition.
Indications
The indications of labyrinthitis starts rapidly and can become intense for several days. They eventually settle after but can continue to arise if the head is suddenly moved. Luckily, the condition does not trigger any pain.
The usual symptoms include the following:
- Vertigo
- Dizziness
- Balance loss
- Difficulty in focusing the eyes
- Tinnitus or ringing or buzzing in the ear
- Hearing loss in the high-frequency range in one ear
- Nausea and vomiting
In rare instances, permanent hearing loss is one of the complications.
What are the causes of labyrinthitis?
Labyrinthitis can arise at any age. Various factors that can cause the condition include:
- Respiratory ailments such as bronchitis
- Herpes viruses
- Viral infections of the inner ear
- Bacterial infections including middle ear infection
- Stomach viruses
- Infectious organisms such as those that cause Lyme disease
The risk for developing the condition is increased by the following:
- Smoking
- Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages
- Under extreme stress
- Using over-the-counter medications particularly aspirin
- Certain prescription medications
- Continuously fatigued
- History of allergies
Management
The symptoms can be alleviated with medications such as:
- Prescription antihistamines
- Sedatives such as diazepam
- Over-the-counter antihistamines such as diphenhydramine or loratadine
- Corticosteroids
- Medications to reduce nausea and dizziness
Antibiotics are given if there is an active infection.
Aside from medications, there are several techniques that can help relieve vertigo such as:
- Avoid rapid changes in position or sudden movements
- Move slowly from a lying position or seated position
- Sit still during an episode of vertigo
- Avoid computer screens, TV and brilliant or blinking lights during an episode
- In case an episode occurs while in bed, try sitting up in a chair and keep the head still. Low lighting is recommended for the symptoms.
In most cases, the symptoms settle within 1-3 weeks and full recovery is achieved in a few months. Since vertigo can disrupt with ability to work, drive or engage in sports, it is recommended to resume these activities in a steady manner while recovering.
If the symptoms do not improve after several months, the doctor might require additional testing to rule out other conditions. In most cases, an individual will only experience a single episode of labyrinthitis and it rarely progresses into a chronic condition.