Acute bronchial asthma which involves hypersensitivity of the bronchial tubes leading to the lungs can cause bronchial constriction, inflammation and swelling as response to a number of triggers, thus limiting the amount of oxygen received by the lungs. It is important to note that acute bronchial asthma can threaten the ability of an individual to breathe properly and requires immediate medical attention.
It is a known fact that millions of individuals all over the world suffer from asthma characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing. This condition became an increasing health issue throughout the years that can affect both children and adults. It is important that you are familiar with the commonly used treatment options for an asthma attack.
Bronchodilators
It is important to note that bronchodilators function by opening up the swollen bronchial tubes to allow more air to enter the lungs in case of an acute bronchial asthma attack. Bronchodilators are typically inhaled medications that can be taken on a regular basis on a long-term basis or utilized only during acute situations on a short-term basis.
Individuals who need to utilize rescue inhalers more than two times in a week can greatly benefit by using long-term beta-2 agonists in order to prevent attacks.
The short-term bronchodilators are oftentimes called rescue medications include short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs). These medications work within minutes and can last 4-6 hours. The commonly used SABAs include Ventolin and Proventil. One bronchodilator that can be used long-term is Atrovent that can be used during acute asthma attacks.
The treatments might be given frequently and in high doses during an acute attack. Remember that bronchodilators can trigger tremors, rapid heart rate, hyperactivity and nervousness.
Administration of oxygen
During attacks of acute bronchial asthma, supplemental oxygen is usually needed to increase the oxygenation all over the body. The oxygen can be given via a mask. In severe attacks, the individual might need mechanical ventilation with oxygen delivered via an artificial respirator. The levels of oxygen saturation are constantly observed via pulse oximetry with the main objective of keeping the oxygen saturation higher than 90%.
Anti-inflammatory medications
Acute bronchial asthma can cause severe inflammation and swelling in the bronchial tubes, thus further constricting the already constricted tubes. The anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids work by reducing the inflammation when inhaled or administered intravenously or by mouth. The commonly used corticosteroid medications include prednisone, dexamethasone and methylprednisone.
The side effects of corticosteroids include increased appetite, suppression of the immune system, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and mood changes.
A doctor should be consulted if an individual has acute bronchial asthma. This will ensure that a suitable treatment plan can be given as well as measures on what to do during an asthma attack.