Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin and tissue triggered by being seated or lying in one position for long periods of time. This places pressure on certain parts of the body. The pressure can disrupt the blood supply to the skin and tissues beneath the skin.
If the position is not changed often, the blood supply dwindles and a sore might form over time.
Indications
Pressure sores have 4 phases of development. The symptoms at every phase includes the following:
Phase 1
The affected skin appears red and feels warm to the touch. The area might also hurt, burn or itch. Among those with dark complexion, the sore might have a bluish or purplish tint.
Phase 2
The affected skin is significantly damaged which results to an open sore which appears similar to a blister or abrasion. The skin surrounding the wound might appear stained and the area is tender.
Phase 3
There is a crater-like manifestation due to the intensified injury to the underlying tissues which deepens the wound.
Phase 4
This is the most serious form where the skin and tissue are significantly damaged, thus resulting to a large-sized wound. There is a high risk for infection at this phase. The tendons, muscles, bones and joints can be affected.
What are the susceptible areas?
Pressure sores typically occur over bony regions of the body that do not have enough fat for padding. The sores are quite common on the hips and the heels.
Other areas at risk for developing pressure sores include:
- Base of the spine (tail bone)
- Back and sides of the knees
- Shoulder blades
- Back part of the head
Who are at risk for pressure sores?
Anyone who lies down or sits in one position for extended periods of time can develop pressure sores. An individual is at risk if paralyzed, using a wheelchair or spends most of the time in bed.
Nevertheless, even those who are able to walk can still develop sores if required to stay in bed due to an injury or illness. Certain chronic conditions such as diabetes and hardening of the arteries makes it hard for pressure sores to properly heal due to the poor circulation of blood.
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on pressure sores is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize and manage pressure sores using proper wound care measures by taking a standard first aid course with Saskatoon First Aid.