Gangrene involves the decay of the body tissues and eventually die due to poor supply of blood. Even though it can occur in any part of the body, gangrene typically occurs in areas with small blood vessels such as the fingers and toes since the arteries supplying these structures are susceptible to blockage than the bigger blood vessels. The condition can also occur in the organs such as the intestines, gallbladder and muscles.
Possible causes of gangrene
The main factor responsible for causing gangrene is abrupt disruption in the blood supply to an area in the body. This results to ischemia which is lack of oxygen and nutrients in the tissues, resulting to cell and tissue death.
The usual reasons why gangrene develops include blood vessel disease, bacterial infections as well as injury or trauma to the blood vessels.
What are the types?
- Dry – characterized by discolored, dry, shriveled skin and typically caused by small blood vessel disease
- Wet – develops once an area becomes infected and has a “wet” appearance. It requires immediate treatment due to its life-threatening nature
- Gas gangrene – this type is caused by Clostridium perfringens which is a gas-producing bacteria and characterized by gas in the affected region. If the muscles are involved, the overlying skin appears discolored and assume a swollen, bubbly appearance.
- Internal – develops in the internal organs, usually in the intestines and gallbladder. This occurs once blood is blocked off to an organ.
What are the indications?
The usual indications of gangrene include the following:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bluish or black discoloration
- Foul drainage
- Fever might also be present
If the infection responsible for causing gangrene is severe, it is called as septic shock which is characterized by low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, confusion, shortness of breath or lightheadedness can occur.
Who are at risk?
Individuals who have small blood vessel disease such as atherosclerosis face a higher risk for gangrene. Even those with diabetes are at risk due to a diminished immune function which prevents them from effectively fighting off infections.
Additionally, even victims of accidents and those who sustained serious injuries are at risk for developing the condition as well.
Management
The treatment involves the removal of the dead tissue via surgery. In case the area affected by gangrene involves an entire limb, amputation is required. Remember that antibiotics are administered for the condition brought about by bacterial infections.
Prevention
An effective way to prevent the condition is to observe proper wound care in case of injury to prevent infection by bacteria. Any wounds should be assessed and cleaned on a regular basis.
Those who have chronic conditions such as atherosclerosis or diabetes might require monitoring of the condition to reduce the risk for developing gangrene.