Achilles tenosynovitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the sheath or layer that surrounds the Achilles tendon.
Is there a difference between tendonitis and tenosynovitis?
Achilles tendonitis or tendinopathy is a degenerative condition that affects the tendon. As for Achilles tenosynovitis, it is a similar condition affecting the sheath surrounding the tendon instead of the tendon itself.
When it comes to the symptoms, they are strikingly the same and difficult to differentiate between the 2 conditions without ultrasound or MRI. In several cases, both conditions are present together. Since treatment for both conditions are the same, an exact diagnosis is not often needed.
Indications
The indications of Achilles tenosynovitis include discomfort or pain in the Achilles tendon. It is important to note that the Achilles tendon is painful to the touch. Pushing up onto tiptoes or stretching of the calf muscles might trigger pain. In addition, the tendon might appear swollen or thick and accompanied by a creaking sensation (crepitus) that can be felt when the ankle is moved.
What are the causes?
As an overuse injury, Achilles tenosynovitis is due to repeated microtrauma of the sheath surrounding the tendon. It is common among runners and those who engage in activities involving repeated pushing up on the toes or marching in heavy boots.
It can occur abruptly due to the following:
- Abrupt increase in training or running uphill
- Tight calf and Achilles complex
- Changes in footwear that are less supportive
- Changing from high heels to flat shoes daily
Management
The individual should take a break from activities that can aggravate the condition. Apply an ice pack on the tendon for 15 minutes every 3-4 hours to reduce the swelling, pain and inflammation. If tolerable, the calf muscles should be gently stretched.
Anti-inflammatory medications in gel or tablet form might be prescribed by the doctor. In some cases, electrotherapy such as laser or ultrasound might be used. Sports massage is also beneficial since it helps loosen up the calf muscles.
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on Achilles tenosynovitis is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize and manage tendon injuries and conditions by taking a standard first aid course with Saskatoon First Aid.