Pleurisy involves inflammation of the pleura overlying the lungs and the chest wall. It is important to note that the exterior coating of the pleura covers the interior of the chest wall while the interior layer covers the lungs.
The small space amidst the 2 layers is called the pleural cavity. This cavity usually contains a small amount of lubricating fluid that enables the 2 layers to glide over one another while breathing. Once the pleura is inflamed, the layers rub against one another, resulting to chest pain.
What are the causes of pleurisy?
Among healthy individuals, infection of the lower respiratory system due to bacteria or virus can lead to pleurisy. This condition typically lasts for a few days up to 2 weeks.
Other possible causes of pleurisy are the following:
- Leakage of air into the pleural cavity from a gape or puncture in the lung.
- Chest injuries such as a broken rib
- Other forms of infection or tumor in the pleura
- Tuberculosis
Other conditions that can also lead to pleurisy include the following:
- Lupus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sickle cell crisis
- Pancreatitis
- Pulmonary embolism
It might also be a complication of heart surgery.
What are the indications?
The indications of pleurisy include chest pain and difficulty breathing. The chest pain typically starts abruptly and described as stabbing pain and worsens with breathing. The pain can:
- Be present always but typically worsens while inhaling. The individual might avoid breathing deeply to prevent the pain.
- Only occur on one side of the chest
- Worsen when sneezing, coughing or moving abruptly
- Ease when holding your breath or if the sore area is pressed
Management
The treatment for pleurisy is based on the exact cause. If a bacterial infection is the cause, antibiotics are required. In case pulmonary embolism is present, medications might be used to dissolve the clot or prevent future ones from forming.
In most cases of pain due to pleurisy, the doctor might recommend ibuprofen, aspirin or another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). For severe pain, prescription cough or pain medications are needed. The pain can also be relieved by lying on the painful side or compressing a pillow against it.
Quick Note / Disclaimer
The material posted on this page on pleurisy is for learning and educational purposes only. To learn to recognize and manage circulatory issues, register for a first aid and CPR course with Saskatoon First Aid.