An arachnoid cyst is likely to form in the head but also around the spinal cord. Take note that it forms in the space amidst the brain or spinal column and the arachnoid membrane.
The cysts are typically filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is a protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal column. The walls of the arachnoid cyst will not allow this fluid to drain, resulting to build up within.
What are the signs?
An arachnoid cyst is generally asymptomatic where it does not trigger any symptoms. Due to this, most do not realize that they have one unless tested for other issues such as head injuries.
There are cases where the cysts triggers symptoms which is based on the site and size.
If it forms in the brain, the cyst can trigger these symptoms:
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Nausea and/or vomiting
- Seizures
- Lethargy
- Balance issues
- Developmental delay
- Issues with vision, hearing or walking
- Dementia
If the arachnoid cyst forms in the spinal column, it can trigger the following:
- Scoliosis
- Back pain
- Muscle spasms or weakness
- Lack of sensation or tingling in the legs or arms
- Issues with bowel or bladder control
Management of an arachnoid cyst
If an arachnoid cyst does not trigger any symptoms, the doctor might suggest leaving it alone. The cyst is monitored for any potential growth or other changes. If it starts to cause issues, treatment is recommended.
If it forms in the brain and causes symptoms, drainage is required along with a shunt. In case it forms in the spinal column, the doctor might suggest surgery for removal. If this is not possible, fenestration or shunting to drain it is required.