Allergic rhinitis is defined as a reaction on the nasal lining to allergens present in the air. Once allergens enter the nose, histamine is released from the cells in the nose which causes the nasal lining to itch, swell and produce more mucus.
The usual triggers for allergic rhinitis include the following:
- Mold
- Pollen from flowers, grasses, weeds and trees
- Animal dander
- House dust mites
Some of the allergens are only present during certain seasons such as ragweed which is prevalent during fall while other allergens are present all-year.
What are the indications?
The signs of allergic rhinitis might manifest seasonally or all-year. The usual signs include:
- Stuffed or runny nose
- Sneezing
- Itchy nose, ear canals or throat
- Sensation of fullness in the ears, nose or sinuses
Other symptoms that might be present include:
- Itchy throat
- Tiredness
- Reddened, itchy and watery eyes
- Postnasal drainage
Management of allergic rhinitis
Avoidance of allergens
It is vital to avoid exposure to potential allergens such as:
- Using an air conditioner with special filters to lessen the pollen inside the house.
- Use plastic covers on mattresses for protection against mold and dust as well as pillows.
Medications
The doctor might suggest the following:
- Decongestant to lessen the swelling in the sinuses and nose. It can also help reduce the amount of mucus produced.
- Antihistamines are also given which blocks the effects of histamine. It is generally given to manage itchy or watery eyes or a stuffed or runny nose due to an allergy.
- A prescription nasal spray can be used daily to manage or prevent the symptoms.
Some might only take allergy medications on days in which the symptoms are present. Others use the drugs at the start of the usual allergy season and continue using them until the season ends.
Allergy shots
If drugs are not effective, the doctor might suggest allergy shots. These shots utilize a combination of the potential allergens. This is injected into the skin in small but increasing amounts over several months. After some time, these shots make the individual less sensitive to the allergens.