Ear barotrauma occurs once pressure within the ear does not match with the pressure outside the ear. The unequal pressure can lead to discomfort, hearing loss or injury.
Barotrauma occurs once there is dysfunction of the Eustachian tube and/or the tympanic membrane and the air between the middle and exterior ear are not equalized. The usual cause of this is during flying which is oftentimes referred to as airplane ear. The congestion due to an upper respiratory infection can result to Eustachian tube dysfunction. In uncommon cases, ear barotrauma also occurs among individuals who are undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
What are the indications of ear barotrauma?
- Ear pain
- Pressure in the ear
- Fluid in the middle ear
- Bruising and/or bleeding of the tympanic membrane
- Hearing loss
Remember that anticipating pressure changes is the ideal way to prevent ear barotrauma. - Ruptured tympanic membrane
- Tinnitus
- Vertigo
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of ear barotrauma involves an accurate history along with physical examination of the ear. Scuba diving or air travel are the usual causes of ear barotrauma especially if the symptoms include ear pain or dizziness.
In case the doctor suspects barotrauma, the ear is examined. Remember that the condition appears similar to an ear infection but there might be blood present in the ear canal.
Management
The injury to the tympanic membrane and other ear structures requires time to be mended. Various medications are oftentimes utilized to hasten the process but there is limited proof that these medications are useful.
Medications such as decongestants or analgesics can be provided to manage the discomfort and pain. In rare circumstances, surgery might be needed to repair the structures of the ear that are damaged.
Preventive measures
Remember that anticipating pressure changes is the ideal way to prevent ear barotrauma. While flying, adults should eat, chew on gum or suck on candy. This will ensure that frequent swallowing occurs. Among babies and toddlers, a pacifier, milk bottle or even a sippy cup should be provided.
There are specialized ear plugs that are specifically designed to prevent ear barotrauma while flying. These are available over-the-counter in airports. Take note that prevention is the suitable treatment for ear barotrauma. Even though occurrences of barotrauma typically heal, it is vital to consult a doctor since severe cases can result to lasting hearing loss. Take note that hearing loss and vertigo are symptoms that requires assessment by a doctor right away.