Deep vein thrombosis develops once a blood clot forms in a deep vein, typically in the legs. This form of clot is considered dangerous since it might break free, move via the bloodstream and clog the arteries in the lungs, resulting to lasting damage or even death.
What is the usual cause?
Deep vein thrombosis can occur if blood moves via the deep leg veins in a slow manner than usual or if there is a contributing factor in which the blood is likely to clot.
If an individual is bedridden or being seated for extended periods, the blood moves in a sluggish manner. The blood accumulates in the bigger leg veins and a clot might form. In addition, injuries, major ailments and certain drugs increases the likelihood for the blood to clot.
Some of the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis include:
- Immobility (prolonged bed rest or inability to walk due to injuries or medical ailments)
- Varicose veins
- Orthopedic surgery
- Congestive heart failure
- Leg or hip fractures
- Stroke
- Surgery in the pelvic region
- Some forms of cancer
Additionally, smoking cigarettes can increase the risk for developing a blood clot.
What are the signs?
Almost half of cases of deep vein thrombosis do not have any symptoms until a clog obstructs a major vein. Once symptoms do arise and the flow of blood is blocked, the signs generally include:
- Engorgement of the ankle, calf, thigh or foot
- Leg pain
- Increased warmth in the leg
- Reddened or bluish skin discoloration in the foot, leg or toes
Management of deep vein thrombosis
- Blood thinners are given to prevent the formation of a blood clot as well as prevent new clots from forming. Remember that these drugs are prescribed carefully since they can lead to internal bleeding. The drugs are taken for several weeks, usually for a minimum of 6 months. In case the individual is at high risk for blood clots, the drug is taken for life.
- Bed rest is also recommended as part of treatment for deep vein thrombosis. This is suggested if an individual has a clot and started using drugs for it. This is believed to lower the risk for the clot to break free and trigger issues in other parts of the body.
- The individual will also undergo blood testing regularly to ensure that the blood clotting capability is within a safe range.