Discoid eczema is defined as a skin condition where the skin is itchy, swollen, cracked and reddened in round or oval patches.
If the condition is not treated, it can last for weeks, months or even years. It might even continue to recur, often in the same site that was previously affected.
What are the signs?
Discoid eczema is characterized by round or oval patches of eczema that can affect any body part except the face or scalp.
The initial sign is a cluster of small, reddened spots or bumps on the skin. These clump together to form bigger pinkish, reddish or brownish patches ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters is diameter.
Primarily, the patches are often blistered, swollen and drain fluid. In most cases, they are also itchy especially at night time. After some time, the patches might become crusty, dry, flaky and cracked. The middle part of the patch might clear up, leaving behind a ring of discolored skin.
What are the causes?
The precise cause of discoid eczema is unknown but can arise due to having dry skin. If an individual has dry skin, it could not provide an effective barrier against substances it is exposed to. This allows harmless substances such as soap to irritate or even damage the skin.
Other possible triggers include the following:
- Skin injuries such as burns or insect bites
- Certain medications such as ribavirin and interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) blockers and statins.
- Dry and cold environments
Management of discoid eczema
Discoid eczema is considered as a chronic condition, but medications are given to alleviate the symptoms and keep the condition under control.
The commonly used treatment options include:
- Antihistamines – works by reducing the itchiness and allow the individual to sleep better
- Emollients – these are moisturizers that are applied on the skin to prevent dryness
- Topical corticosteroids – creams and ointments are applied on the skin to alleviate any severe symptoms
There are also some measures that can help in managing the condition such as avoidance of any irritating chemicals that might be present in detergents, soaps, shower gels and bubble baths.
Additional drugs might be given if the condition is severe or infection has developed. Additionally, the areas affected by discoid eczema are permanently discolored after the condition has cleared.