An esophageal stricture is defined as gradual narrowing of esophagus the that can lead to difficulty swallowing.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the usual causes. This results to the inflammation in the lower region of the esophagus. After repeated inflammation and healing, scarring occurs which later leads to the narrowing of the esophagus.
Aside from GERD, other possible causes include:
- Extended use of a nasogastric tube
- Bacterial or viral infections that causes esophagitis followed by a stricture
- Ingestion of corrosive substances
- Damage caused by endoscopes
In case the esophageal stricture is due to GERD, it can be accompanied by chest pain, heartburn, burning sensation in the mouth or throat, sore throat, cough or voice changes. - Previous surgery on the esophagus
- Pill-induced esophagitis or eosinophilic esophagitis
- Exposure of the esophagus to radiation
- Cancer
What are the signs?
- Difficulty swallowing or dysphagia
- Regurgitation of food
- Discomfort while swallowing
- Sensation that food is stuck in the esophagus or chest region
- Weight loss
In case the esophageal stricture is due to GERD, it can be accompanied by chest pain, heartburn, burning sensation in the mouth or throat, sore throat, cough or voice changes.
Management of an esophageal stricture
The main treatment for an esophageal stricture is via the dilation procedure. During the procedure, the esophagus is stretched with an air-filled balloon or multiple dilators that are passed via an endoscope.
Even though this treatment has been utilized for most cases of strictures, repeated dilation might be required to prevent the recurrences of the stricture.
Certain drugs such as proton pump inhibitors can be given to prevent the strictures from returning. It is vital to note that after treatment, the individual can resume his/her daily routines but might develop an esophageal stricture in the future.