Hyphema involves bleeding into the front eye chamber. Any form of blunt trauma to the eye can lead to bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye between the cornea and the iris.
What are the indications?
An individual with hyphema might have a recent eye injury, feel pain in the affected eye and have blurred vision.
In case the affected area is large enough, the eye appears as if it is filled with blood. For a minor case, it might not even be visible to the naked eye. A significantly large hyphema that fills the entire anterior chamber will appear dark red and can be called “eight ball hyphema”.
When should I seek medical care
Always bear in mind that a hyphema is a medical emergency. A doctor should be consulted so that immediate assessment can be carried out. It is also best to bring the individual to the nearest emergency department.
Management
The treatment for hyphema usually depends on how the individual readily complies with instructions. Remember that following directions for care is vital. Some individuals with hyphema have further bleeding for 3-5 days. This is the reason why compliance with care is essential.
The blood typically reabsorbs but the doctor should ensure that the process is resolving as expected. In case the intraocular pressure rises or bleeding recurs, hospitalization is needed. The individual is instructed to include the following as part of follow-up care:
- Get enough rest with the head of the bed raised as much as the individual can tolerate.
- Avoid engaging in any vigorous activity.
- Avoid using medications that include aspirin since it promotes bleeding. In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen or naproxen might be avoided as well.
- A mild pain medication such as acetaminophen can be given. If the eye pain intensifies, consult a doctor right away.
- The eye drops specifically atropine which is prescribed by the doctor should be administered as instructed. Steroid drops might also be given to deal with the pain and inflammation.
- In case the eye pressure increases, a beta-blocker is given as eye drops.
- Medications might be given to prevent episodes of vomiting.