A talus fracture involves an injury in one of the bones of the ankle. This form of fracture typically occurs during high-impact accidents such as a vehicle collision or fall. Since the talus is vital for ankle movement, a fracture can lead to significant loss of function and motion. Additionally, a talus fracture that does not seem to heal correctly can progress to complications such as chronic pain. This is why this type of fracture would always require surgery.
What is a talus fracture?
It is important to note that a fracture can occur in all parts of the talus bone. In most cases, the talus breaks in the middle or the neck. Another common site for talus fractures is along the exterior of the bone where it juts out slightly or the lateral process. This occurs when the ankle is forced out to the side.
What are the causes?
Most cases of talus fractures occur due to forceful trauma such as in vehicular accidents or falling from a height. Injuries from sports especially from snowboarding are also considered as a less common cause of talus fractures.
Symptoms
- Acute pain
- Evident swelling, tenderness and bruising
- Inability to walk or support weight on the foot
How a talus fracture is diagnosed
If an individual is suspected with a talus fracture, he/she requires immediate treatment due to the severity of the symptoms.
After discussing the medical history and symptoms, the doctor will conduct a physical examination to check for any cuts, if the individual can move the toes or has sensation. The pulse at key points of the foot is also checked to ensure that the foot and toes has good blood supply. The doctor will also check if fluid is not accumulating in the foot muscles which is a condition called compartment syndrome. In addition, the affected leg is also checked for other injuries as well as the pelvis and spine. The imaging tests used in order to confirm a diagnosis includes an X-ray and CT scan.
Treatment
The immediate measure for a talus fracture is to apply a properly padded splint around the back part of the leg and foot starting from the toe up to the upper calf for immobilization and protection. To learn to recognize and manage bone injuries including a talus fracture, register for a first aid course today. Elevate the foot higher than the level of the heart to reduce the pain and swelling. The specific treatment depends on the severity as well as the type of fracture.
Fractures that are considered stable can be managed without surgery. Take note that this is rare due to the substantial force that causes the injury. The application of a cast will help hold the bones in the foot while they heal. The cast should be used for 6-8 weeks. During this period, the individual should limit pressure placed on the foot. Once the cast is removed, the doctor will encourage the individual to perform exercises that will help restore the range of motion and strength of the ankle and foot.