Choking is defined as impediment of the upper airway brought about by food or other objects which disrupt with normal breathing. It can trigger a coughing episode, but full obstruction of the airway puts one at risk for death.
Remember that choking is a medical emergency that necessitates prompt action. The emergency team might not arrive on time to save the life of a choking individual.
If an individual is choking where the airway is completely blocked, oxygen could not reach the lungs. The brain is highly sensitive to this lack of oxygen and starts to die within 4-6 minutes. During this period, first aid care must be given. Take note that irreversible brain death can occur in 10 minutes.
What are the signs?
If an adult is choking, the following might be present:
- Gagging or coughing
- Abrupt inability to talk
- Hand signals or gesturing and panic
- Wheezing
- Clutching the throat – the natural response to choking is to hold the throat with one or both hands. Remember that this is the universal sign of choking.
- Passing out
- Turning blue or cyanosis – it is initially seen around the lips, face and fingernail beds.
If an infant is choking, it is vital to note down the behavior of the child. The following are the signs:
- Difficulty breathing
- Weak cry or cough
What should I do?
As an emergency, call for emergency assistance right away. Do not try to drive a choking individual to the emergency department.
- It is best not to do anything if the individual is forcefully coughing and does not turn bluish in color. Ask the individual “Are you choking?”. If the individual can answer by speaking, there is a partial airway obstruction. Remain with the person and encourage him/her to cough until the obstruction is cleared.
- Do not provide anything to drink since fluids might take up the space needed for the air to pass.
If the individual could not answer by speaking and only nods his/her head, it indicates a complete obstruction in the airway that requires emergency attention.
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on choking is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize the characteristic signs and how to manage one by taking a standard first aid course with Saskatoon First Aid.