Evaporative dry eye is brought about by dysfunction of the Meibomian gland. It is important to note that the tear film is believed to be comprised of a mucus layer that coats the corneal surface and enables the tears to stick to the eye. The next layer is a combination of oil and water where the oil prevents the evaporation of the tear film.
If the eye is exposed to the environment throughout the day, tears are lost via drainage as well as via atmospheric evaporation. The longer the eyes stay open, the more evaporation occurs. If the tear film lacks oil, the tears rapidly evaporate, especially if exposed to environments that promotes evaporation.
What leads to diminished tear oil?
It is important to note that the eyelid includes several glands, specifically the Meibomian glands which add oils to the normal tear film. These glands are found within the eyelid and have an opening on the eyelid margin.
Some individuals are prone to end up with clogged or poorly functioning glands. Remember that dysfunction of the Meibomian gland is common and mild cases are often left undiagnosed or not correctly treated.
Management of evaporative dry eye
The treatment for evaporative dry eye tends to vary depending on its seriousness and usually focuses on dealing with the underlying issue specifically the poorly functioning Meibomian glands.
If this is treated, it will restore the tear layer to a healthier state. In minor cases, the application of a simple warm compress and eyelid massage can greatly help.
In some cases, medical care might be necessary. There are cases where the doctor might squeeze the eyelids to expel the sebum or material within the glands. There are also instances where a combination of antibiotic steroids is prescribed.
The usual choice are macrolides which have a potent anti-inflammatory property that are highly effective. In addition, special artificial tears that are partially comprised of castor oil or mineral oil can be given as part of treatment for evaporative dry eye.