Fractured larynx involves damage to the voice box. This condition is due to high-impact vehicular accidents or a direct strike to the throat during sports. Among children, it might be due to a fall. The damage varies from minor weakness of the vocal cord or even fractures of the cartilaginous structures in the voice box. The injury can also allow air to enter the neck or chest which results to significant respiratory issues.
Classification
A fractured larynx can be categorized into the following:
- Group I – includes mild injuries with minimal respiratory distress
- Group II – includes moderate injuries with evident respiratory distress
- Group III and IV – includes serious forms of fracture that causes significant respiratory issues accompanied by swelling and mucosal tears
Indications of a fractured larynx
Some of the indications of a fractured larynx include the following:
- Hoarse voice
- Difficulty in speaking fluently or producing sounds
- Stridor
- Respiratory issues
- Neck pain when coughing or swallowing food
- Hemoptysis
- Neck bruising
- Swollen neck
How is it diagnosed?
If there is direct trauma to the throat and a fractured larynx is suspected, the doctor will initially assess the degree of respiratory distress.
The neck is checked for any crackling or popping sounds along with the palpation of the neck. If there is hoarseness of voice, the vocal cords might require visualization using a laryngoscope. In addition, a CT scan is required to confirm a diagnosis.
Management
Once a fractured larynx is suspected, immediate treatment is required since lack of treatment can worsen the condition. The treatment is based on the classification of the injury:
- Group I – treatment involves observation and bed rest with the head elevated while breathing humidified air. For a short period, the doctor might instruct the individual to avoid speaking to allow the inflammation to settle.
- Group II – treatment includes tracheostomy and direct laryngoscopy to visualize the larynx and fix any impaired structures.
- Group III and IV – it requires surgery along with the placement of a stent to keep the larynx and trachea open
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on a fractured larynx is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize and manage a fractured larynx by taking a standard first aid course with Saskatoon First Aid.