A slipped disc or herniated disc occurs when one of the discs resting in between the bones of the spine is damaged and compresses on the nerves. As a result, it can cause neck pain and back pain along with other symptoms such as tingling sensation, numbness or weakness in other parts of the body.
The sciatic nerve is often involved in cases of slipped disc. This is the longest nerve in the body that travels from the rear of the pelvis, via the buttocks and down to both legs up to the feet.
Anatomy of the spine
The spine is comprised of 24 individual bones called vertebrae that are stacked on top of each other. In between each vertebra, there are protective circular cartilage pads known as discs that have a fibrous sturdy case that contains a soft, gel-like substance. These discs are responsible for maintaining the flexibility and range of movement of the back.
The spinal cord is highly sensitive and passes via the center of the vertebral column. It contains nerve cells and bundles of nerve fibers that connect all parts of the body to the brain.
Causes of a slipped disc
A slipped disc occurs once the exterior case of the disc splits which results to the gel within to bulge out of the disc. The damaged disc adds pressure on the entire spinal cord or on one nerve root.
This means a slipped disc can cause pain both in the area of the protruding disc and in the area of the body controlled by the nerve that the disc is pressing on. It is not always clear what causes the discs to breakdown, but age is a usual factor in most cases.
As an individual gets older, the spinal discs starts to lose their water content which makes them rigid and more likely to rupture. Smoking also plays a role since it causes the discs to lose their natural flexibility. Not all cases of slipped disc trigger symptoms such as pain, tingling or weakness.
How a slipped disc is diagnosed?
The doctor can diagnose a slipped disc based on the symptoms and medical history. A physical examination is also performed to assess the reflexes, posture, walking ability, muscle strength and sensation in the limbs.
Treatment of a slipped disc
Always bear in mind that it takes about 4-6 weeks to recover from a slipped disc. The treatment typically involves a combination of physical therapy such as exercise and massage as well as medications to reduce the pain.
In some cases, surgery to release the compressed nerve and removal of part of the disc is required in some cases or if the pain persists longer than 6 weeks. It is important to note that a slipped disc eventually shrinks away from the nerve and the pain subsides as the disc stops pressing on the affected nerve.
Oftentimes, a slipped disc continues to press on the nerve, but the pain eventually subsides since the brain stem learns to minimize the pain signals from the nerve.
If an individual has a slipped disc, it is vital to stay active. Initially, moving can be difficult but after resting, the individual should start to move around. This helps maintain the mobility of the back as well as prevent them from becoming stiff. In addition the muscles that support the spine will not become weak. Always bear in mind that continued movement will hasten the recovery.