A lumbar puncture is a procedure where a thin needle is introduced between the bones in the lower spine. The procedure should not cause any discomfort, but it can cause a headache and some degree of back pain lasting for a few days.
When is the procedure needed?
A lumbar puncture might be necessary to:
- Take a sample of fluid from the spinal cord or measure the pressure of the fluid when diagnosing a condition
- Injection of medications such as antibiotics, pain medications or chemotherapy
- Injection of a spinal anesthetic to numb the lower region of the body before an operation
- Get rid of some fluid to lessen the pressure in the spine or skull
Headaches that can last for up to a week in which pain medications at the healthcare facility is given if needed.
Considerations before the procedure
The doctor will explain what will happen and why the procedure is needed.
A few days or weeks prior to the test:
- A CT scan or MRI scan is carried out to ensure if there is a need for a lumbar puncture and if it is safe
- The individual should inform the doctor if he/she is using blood-thinning drugs such as warfarin
What happens during a lumbar puncture?
The individual generally lies on his/her side with the legs pulled up and the chin tucked in. The position allows the insertion of the needle between the bones more readily.
The healthcare profession will:
- Cleanse the skin and numb the site using a local anesthetic
- A thin needle is inserted into the skin, between 2 bones in the lower region of the spine. This should not cause any pain, but some pressure can be felt.
- The needle is removed once the procedure is finished and apply a small dressing or plaster.
A lumbar puncture takes 30-45 minutes, but the individual should remain in a lying position in a healthcare facility for at least another hour while under monitoring.
What are the possible side effects?
A lumbar puncture is generally a safe procedure and serious effects are uncommon. The usual side effects include:
- Headaches that can last for up to a week in which pain medications at the healthcare facility is given if needed
- Low back pain and swelling at the site of insertion which is expected to settle after a few days